A course of experiments with he ne laser pdf

A helium neon laser or hene laser, is a type of gas laser whose gain medium consists of a mixture of 90% helium and 10% neon at a total pressure of about 1 torr inside of a small electrical discharge. The michelson interferometer and the hene laser university. Place the grating in the laser beam at the distance d specified on your answer. Gaseous laser he ne laser a helium neon laser, usually called a he ne laser, is a type of small gas laser. The laser is operated by depressing the red button in both cases. The experiments may be performed using mirrors, lenses, filters and other items already found in schools. However, a diffraction grating has many slits, rather than two, and the slits are very closely spaced. Applying a voltage to the crystal results in changing of the. Phys 4d solution to hw 6 february 10, 2011 problem giancoli 344 ii monochromatic light falls on two very narrow slits 0. With this experimental set it is essential that the laser be in a configuration of highest possible intracavity intensity. All experiments require a formal laboratory report.

Laser light is much more coherent than light from conventional sources. Diffraction gratings are used to make very accurate measurements of the. To calibrate the mirror movement using a he ne laser. Nov 11, 20 in this lecture a description of he ne laser and ruby laser is discussed. He ne laser the laser that we will use is a 4level laser. In brief the book provides various possibilities of using a he ne laser in the laboratory.

The interferometer optical layout on an aluminum breadboard with mounting holes on a 25. Power for a hene laser is provided by a special high voltage power supply and consists of two parts these maximum values depend on tube size a typical 1 to 10 mw tube is assumed. In your experiment, you can thus check the validity of eq. Laser, properties of laser, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, optical pumping, construction and working of he ne laser, applications of lasers. Teacher participation in workshops is very important to make them confident in the use of lasers and other optics tools so their students have a proper guide for handson optics experiments in classroom. These he ne lasers were studied in the laboratory at the joint institute for laboratory astrophysics jila. Laboratory 2 thomas young and the wavenature of light a. These experiments will be useful to the students both in science and engineering. Introduction the heliumneon laser was one of the rst. The he ne laser is usually designed to emit only one of the three wavelengths of light and the variation in this wavelength is slight. The helium neon laser ap304 laser laboratory course, lab 2b 1 a short introduction to helium neon lasers the invention of the helium neon laser hene by javan 1 followed ted maimans success in operating the rst laser even within just a few months.

In the first part of the experiment the eom is studied. The materials for this experiment include a he ne laser as the light source, a rotating table mounted on the optical bench, a solid plastic semicircular prism, and a semicircular dish filled with water. Use a spectrum analyzer to observe the beating frequency between longitudinal modes. Data analysis calibration with hene laser below is a plot of the data taken with the hene laser light injected into the michelson interferometer.

Properties of the hene laser carolyne pickler, neil edelman february 27, 2007 abstract the properties of the heliumneon laser were determined using a computer controlled experiment. My old boss at philips research labs in eindhoven had his technique. In the end a short discussion of a recent experiment using a he ne laser and a backoftheenvelop calculation of the output power of a typical he ne laser is given. How to achieve population inversion in both the cases and which energy level are re. Sirohi 1985, hardcover at the best online prices at. Procedure the materials for this experiment include a he. Also the allan variance 26 plot for a typical red side lock for he ne laser was. Ap304 laser laboratory course, lab 2b the heliumneon laser. In order to read them you need the free adobe reader. You will reproduce youngs procedure, replacing his candle and hair with a hene laser and a double slit scratched on a plate of glass. Experiment 8 1 the michelson interferometer and the he ne laser physics 2150 experiment 8 university of colorado introduction in the experiment, two different types of measurements will be made with a michelson interferometer.

Laser diodehene, optical profile bench, analyzer polarising filter photo detector, and digital multimeter attached to an amplifier, mounts for all above components. In this lecture a description of hene laser and ruby laser is discussed. While maimans experiments with the ruby laser were based on schawlow and townes. This manual contains experiments that have been developed by active teachers and thoroughly tested in the classroom. Actually, very few lasers produce only one wavelength of light.

For cleaning of the components please refer to the operating instructions fro he ne laser 0865693. Each student will be given a blank lab notebook 60 pagesdouble sided on the first day of the course. In the end a short discussion of a recent experiment using a he ne laser and a back of theenvelop calculation of the output power of a typical he ne laser is given. Set the prism on the rotating platform level with the laser beam and set its height so that the beam passes through the center of the prism. The book contains a number of experiments in optics that can be performed with ease using he ne laser. Basic optics experiments 1 introduction this chapter describes 6 experiments in basic optics that can be carried out using the cornelsen student optics kit, shown above, and a hene laser. This calculation leads to a optimum output power of 28. The fact that there are multiple frequencies contained in a laser beam places restrictions on the suitability of using a particular laser for an interference experiment. Mirror 1 m1 inside the michelson interferometer is being translated at a constant speed by a motor. Ap304 laser laboratory course, lab 2b the heliumneon. Consists of a mixture of 90% helium gas, 10% neon gas. These electrodes are connected to a dc power supply. Using the formula above, you can verify the wavelength of light using what the manufacturer of the laser pointer says it is. She he must record the details of each experiment follwing the guidelines described here.

Record of experiment actual notes from lab notebook shown on previous 4 pages. The laser beam is then divided via a cube beamsplitter and a rightangle prism is used to obtain two parallel beams. The basic principles of laser operation are described by svelto 1982, and the relevant pages are reproduced in appendix iv. New age international, 1989 helium neon lasers 110 pages. Determination of velocity of ultrasonic waves in a given liquid using ultrasonic interferometer. We propose, in particular, to measure the pitch of the grating through the measurement of the diffraction produced on the he ne laser beam. The experiments on diffraction, holography, speckle phenomenon, flow etc. It also has lasing transition in ir, orange and green. An electrical discharge is established along the bore of the tube. Determination of thickness of a thin wire using air wedge method. Two mirrors are bonded to the ends of the discharge tube, one a total reflector, the other having 1 % transmission. With the new laser he ne described in the laser he ne post, you can easily test the physical properties of the diffraction grating.

In he ne laser, neon atoms are the active centers and have energy levels suitable for laser transitions while helium atoms help in exciting neon atoms. So the mirrors of highest reflectivity available should be used and all components should be as clean as possible. Block the beam with a small piece of masking tape over the end of the laser for this operational test. The heliumneon laser was the first continuous laser. A he ne laser consists of a hollow tube filled with 90 percent he and 10 percent ne gases and fitted with inwardfacing mirrors at the ends of the cavity. The heliumneon hene laser was among the first lasers ever constructed, and. Hene lasers introduction a helium neon henceforth abbreviated hene laser is basically a fancy neon sign with mirrors at both ends. Sirohi is the author of a course of experiments with he ne laser 3. The contents of the kit and a guide to interpreting the setup drawings are included in the following two pages. Phyc 476l477l302l experimental techniques of optics. Students will make observations comparing the appearance of the laser pointer in both sets of picture frames in order to understand what rutherford expected to see and what he actually saw during his gold foil experiment. Useful background youll find it an advantage, but not essential, to have already done the experiments on the hene laser including modelocking and on fiberoptics how they work as. In education, lasers play a dominant role for many examples of optics, for instance.

Cost of hene laser is less from most of other lasers. The experiment descriptions are available as pdf files. Information about industrial fiber optics other educational laser and fiber optics kits and a full array of comple. Laser doppler velocimetry university of california, san. In this experiment, the first period, n1, will be the brightest spot on the index card besides the straight path of the laser, of course after the grating splits the rays from the laser pointer. Some of the experiments are visually impressive and aid in the understanding of physical phenomena. Laser, thin slit, wire and grating 49 checklist for expt.

Well, not quite, but really not much more than this at first glance though the design and manufacturing issues which must be dealt with to achieve the desired beam characteristics, power output, stability. It operates in the infrared at a wavelength near 10 6 m and so is outside the human visual range. Fushitani 1 introduction we will do the experiment using the he ne laser instead of the nalamp. He ne laser is an atomic laser which employs a fourlevel pumping scheme. Measuring wavelengths with a diffraction grating dr. Properties of the he ne laser carolyne pickler, neil edelman february 27, 2007 abstract the properties of the helium neon laser were determined using a computer controlled experiment. To study polarization of light and verification of maluss law. Pdf a new optical interference method to measure hene laser. The michelson interferometer and the he ne laser physics 2150 experiment 8 university of colorado introduction in the experiment, two different types of measurements will be made with a michelson interferometer. Discover why more than 10 million students and educators use course hero. The instructor will explain the larger interferometer and assist you in measuring the coherence length. For this reason it requires the use of a much larger michelson interferometer.

Never look directly into a non attenuated laser beam. Preface basic optics experiments for 302l only the wavemeter velocity measurements by optical techniques ray tracing and lens aberrations fiberoptics modelocking a cw laser fourier optics polarization study he ne laser diodepumped solidstate dpss laser nonlinear optics new. Hene laser can produce three wavelengths that are 1. The largest and best collection of online learning resourcesguaranteed. Electrooptics effect of a lithium niobate crystal 3439 4. Coherence, which is the extent in space or time to which the beam of light is in phase with itself, is necessary for the observation of interference.

A course of experiments with hene laser by rajpal s. The laser s spatial intensity distribution was found to follow an approximate. Hene laser tube has very small length approximately from 10 to 100cm and best life time of 20. Forty simple experiments with an hene laser for high school. Hene lasers introduction a heliumneon henceforth abbreviated hene laser is basically a fancy neon sign with mirrors at both ends. Forty simple experiments with an hene laser for high. Fibre optics, introduction, total internal reflection, critical angle, acceptance angle, structure of optical fibre, numerical. Experiments basic optics experiments 302l only the wavemeter velocity measurements by optical techniques ray tracing and lens aberrations polarization study he ne laser fiber optics fourier optics diodepumped solidstate dpss laser modelocking a cw he ne laser nonlinear optics new. The bestknown and most widely used hene laser operates at a wavelength of 632. Sirohi author of a course of experiments with he ne laser. From other measurements, we know that the wavelength of light from the laser is 6328 angstroms the red portion of the spectrum. The first will be a direct measurement of the wavelength of the 6328angstrom radiation from a heliumneon laser. Helium neon laser 1 introduction the helium neon laser, short hene laser, is one of the most common used laser for allignement, reference laser and optics demonstrations. Pdf a new optical method used in our lab to get clear fringes of interference use he ne laser as a light source.

Determination of wavelength of light using spectrometer diffraction grating. So coherent is laser light that one may observe interference effects even. Operating voltage of 1,000 to 3,000v dc at 3 to 8ma. Student projects in optics and lasers stony brook laser. Experimental apparatus 1 he ne laser15mwthe light from this laser is not. Quick chemistry demonstrations for the high school. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. The screen to diffraction grating distance d and the ruling density 1 d you will use will be given to your answer sheet of the practical lab. The experiments based on this laser will let you explore several regimes of nonlinear optical and laser physics. The inversion arises principally from inelastic collisions between ne atoms in.

Mirrors 1 and 2 are basic steering mirrors, and the beamsplitter is a wedge with a. Nowadays lasers are usually preadjusted using a hene laser. Sirohi author of a course of experiments with he ne. Apr 11, 2014 he ne laser a heliumneon laser, usually called a he ne laser, is a type of small gas laser. The lasers spatial intensity distribution was found to follow an approximate gaussian distribution, which indicates tem00 mode. Undergraduate laser and optical physics laboratory course at. Lab manual pdf instructions for equipment setup pdf free spectral range of a scanning fabryperot interferometer pdf notes on hene and fabryperot from columbia u. They reported the frequency stability was better than 1 part in 1010 over the periods of about 1 hour and 1 part in 108 over 1 year 25. Electrodes anode and cathode are provided in the glass tube to send the electric current through the gas mixture. The purpose of this experiment is to observe interference patterns, and to calculate the wavelengths of a helium neon laser and a microwave source using the observed interference patterns. The mirrorpzt consists of a small mirror glued to a piezoelectric stack mounted to a standard optical mirror mount. Determination of angle of divergence of a laser beam using he ne laser.

Introduction the helium neon laser was one of the rst. We have used a hene laser as a source of monochromatic radiation which has. Experiment 4 the michelson interferometer 4 3 experiment in the following experiments, you will calibrate the movement of m 1 with the hene laser and use the interferometer to accurately measure the wavelengths of the. It is of relatively low power as co 2 lasers go, but is still capable of generating 10 w cw output, or roughly times the power of a small he ne laser. The first will be a direct measurement of the wavelength of the 6328angstrom radiation from a helium neon laser. Within this experiment we are using such a module to tune the helium. He ne lasers have many industrial and scientific uses, and are often used in laboratory demonstrations of optics. Jones matrices and identification of retardation plates. The combined pressure of the two gases is approximately 1 torr 1760 atmospheres. To determine the refractive index of a thin glass plate. Power requirements for hene lasers experimental engineering. In theory, they function much the same as two slit apertures see experiment 9.

Like most low current discharge tubes, the hene laser is a negative resistance device. To adjust the michelson interferometer so that circular, straight line and white light fringes can be observed. The littrow is made from fused silica which is the required substrate for ibs. Hene laser working, construction, applications, advantages. The setup consists of a he ne laser, an eom linbo3 crystal with ac and dc power supplies, an aom quartz with a radio frequency generator, a photodetector, an oscilloscope, mirrors, lenses and a polarizer.